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In today's "always on, always
available" world where businesses can't stop and downtime is measured in
dollars, American Power Conversion (APC) provides protection against some of
the leading causes of downtime, data loss and hardware damage: power problems
and temperature. As a global leader in network-critical physical infrastructure
(NCPI) solutions, APC sets the standard in its industry for quality, innovation
and support. Its comprehensive solutions, which are designed for both home and
corporate environments, improve the manageability, availability and performance
of sensitive electronic, network, communications and industrial equipment of
all sizes.
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| Quick Contact |
| Phone: (+98) 21 - |
| 88457636,
88457669 |
| 88456763,
88455539 |
| 88455760,
88412189 |
| Fax: (+98) 21 - 88415327 |
Email address:
info {at} pima-co {dot} com |
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White Papers
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We have selected some APC white papers to help you
understand and approach power related issues faced in many important
applications
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Hazards of Harmonics and Neutral Overload
This document provides an overview of problems related to harmonic currents,
with a specific focus on Information Technology equipment. The way that
international regulations solved these problems is described.
Click here (34 KB)
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The Seven Types of Power Problems
Many of the mysteries of equipment failure, downtime, software and data
corruption, are often the result of a problematic supply of power. There is
also a common problem with describing power problems in a standard way. This
white paper will describe the most common types of power disturbances, what can
cause them, what they can do to your critical equipment, and how to safeguard
your equipment, using the IEEE standards for describing power quality
problems.
Click here (199 KB)
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Reliability Models for Electric Power Systems
This note explains the sources of downtime in Electric Power Systems and
provides an explanation for site-to-site variations in Power Availability. The
the factors affecting power quality from generation to the utilization point
are summarized. There is a qualitative description of a model which can be
combined with data to provide a method for estimating down time based on
site-related factors.
Click here (29 KB)
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Understanding Power Factor, Crest Factor, and Surge Factor
This White paper explains the technical terms of Power Factor, Crest Factor,
and Surge Factor. The use of these terms in specifying UPS is explained.
Click here (27 KB)
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Comparing UPS System Design Configuration
Despite advances in computer technology, power outages continue to be a major
cause of PC and server downtime. Protecting computer systems with
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) hardware is part of a total solution, but
power management software is also necessary to prevent data corruption after
extended power outages. Various software configurations are discussed, and best
practices aimed at ensuring uptime are presented.
Click here (339 KB)
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Preventing Data Corruption in the Event of an Extended
Power Outage
There are five main UPS system design configurations that distribute power from
the utility source of a building to the critical loads of a data center. The
selection of the appropriate configuration for a particular application is
determined by the availability needs, risk tolerance, types of loads in the
data center, budgets, and existing infrastructure. The five configurations are
explained, and advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. The impact
on availability is addressed for each configuration and guidelines are provided
for choosing the appropriate design.
Click here (277 KB)
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Modular Systems: The Evolution of Reliability
Nature proved early on that in complex systems, modular designs are the ones
that survive and thrive. An important contributor to this success is the
critical reliability advantage of fault tolerance, in which a modular system
can shift operation from failed modules to healthy ones while repairs are made.
In data centers, modular design has already taken root in new fault tolerant
architectures for servers and storage systems. As data centers continue to
evolve and borrow from nature’s blueprints, IT reliability analysis must also
evolve to understand new strategies for survival, recovery, and growth.
Click here (1019 KB)
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The Different Types of UPS Systems
There is much confusion in the marketplace about the different types of UPS
systems and their characteristics. Each of these UPS types is defined,
practical applications of each are discussed, and advantages and disadvantages
are listed. With this information, an educated decision can be made as to the
appropriate UPS topology for a given need.
Click here (195 KB)
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Ten Cooling Solutions to Support High-Density Server
Deployment
High-density servers offer a significant performance per watt benefit. However,
depending on the deployment, they can present a significant cooling challenge.
Vendors are now designing servers that can demand over 40 kW of cooling per
rack. With most data centers designed to cool an average of no more than 2 kW
per rack, innovative strategies must be used for proper cooling of high-density
equipment. This paper provides ten approaches for increasing cooling
efficiency, cooling capacity, and power density in existing data centers.
Click here (789 KB)
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Calculating Total Power Requirements for Data Centers
Part of data center planning and design is to align the power and cooling
requirements of the IT equipment with the capacity of infrastructure equipment
to provide it. This paper presents methods for calculating power and cooling
requirements and provides guidelines for determining the total electrical power
capacity needed to support the data center, including IT equipment, cooling
equipment, lighting, and power backup.
Click here (583 KB)
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Guidelines for Specification of Data Center Power Density
Conventional methods for specifying data center density are ambiguous and
misleading. Describing data center density using Watts / ft2 or Watts / m2 is
not sufficient to determine power or cooling compatibility with high density
computing loads like blade servers. Historically there is no clear standard way
of specifying data centers to achieve predictable behavior with high density
loads. An appropriate specification for data center density should assure
compatibility with anticipated high density loads, provide unambiguous
instruction for design and installation of power and cooling equipment, prevent
oversizing, and maximize electrical efficiency. This paper describes the
science and practical application of an improved method for the specification
of power and cooling infrastructure for data centers.
Click here (341 KB)
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Monitoring Physical Threats in the Data Center
Traditional methodologies for monitoring the data center environment are no
longer sufficient. With technologies such as blade servers driving up cooling
demands and regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley driving up data security
requirements, the physical environment in the data center must be watched more
closely. While well understood protocols exist for monitoring physical devices
such as UPS systems, computer room air conditioners, and fire suppression
systems, there is a class of distributed monitoring points that is often
ignored. This paper describes this class of threats, suggests approaches to
deploying monitoring devices, and provides best practices in leveraging the
collected data to reduce downtime.
Click here (1913 KB)
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Reducing the Hidden Costs Associated with Upgrades of Data
Center Power Capacity
Scaling the power capacity of legacy UPS systems leads to hidden costs that may
outweigh the very benefit that scalability intends to provide. A scalable UPS
system provides a significant benefit to the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of
data center and network room physical infrastructure. This paper describes the
drawbacks of scaling legacy UPS systems and how scalable rack-based systems
address these drawbacks. The cost factors of both methods are described,
quantified and compared.
Click here (547 KB)
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Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers
Conventional models used to estimate electrical efficiency of data centers are
grossly inaccurate for real-world installations. Estimates of electrical losses
typically are made by summing the inefficiencies of the various electrical
devices, such as power and cooling equipment. This paper shows that the values
commonly used for equipment inefficiency are quite inaccurate. A simple but
effective means for modeling the efficiency of power and cooling equipment
provides for much more accurate results.
Click here (863 KB)
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